Emotion+research


 * Emotional Expression**
 * In 1999, Kennedy Moore and Watson defined emotional expression as: //“observable verbal and nonverbal behaviours that communicate and / or symbolise emotional experience. Expression can occur with or without self-awareness. It is at least somewhat controllable, and it can involve varying degrees of deliberate intent.”//

His 1998 process model of emotional regulation suggested that emotion may be regulated at five points in the emotion generative process (Gross, 1998) ** [|http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~james] **1) selection of the situation**
 * 2) modification of the situation**
 * 3) deployment of attention**
 * 4) change of cognitions**
 * 5) modulation of responses**
 * Basically, Gross (1998) claims that expression plays a crucial part in the way we process emotions. More specifically, it is considered to be important in reducing distress, which results from negative emotional experience.**

[]
 * Expressive confidence involves the skilful production of situation-appropriate emotional expressions. Individuals high in expressive confidence have been found to be in good control of their emotions, as well as experiencing and expressing positive emotions with family and peers (Gross & John, 1998). These assets probably result in them being better liked by others, with whom they interact. In contrast, individuals high in negative expression are more likely to experience and express negative emotions, possibly with the consequence that they are less well liked.**

Here is a deeper list of emotions as described in Parrot (2001), where emotions were categorised into a short tree structure.


 * **Primary emotion** ||  || **Secondary emotion** ||   || **Tertiary emotions** ||


 * **Love** ||  || Affection ||   || Adoration, affection, love, fondness, liking, attraction, caring, tenderness, compassion, sentimentality ||


 * || Lust ||  || Arousal, desire, lust, passion, infatuation ||


 * Longing ||  || Longing ||


 * **Joy** ||  || Cheerfulness ||   || Amusement, bliss, cheerfulness, gaiety, glee, jolliness, joviality, joy, delight, enjoyment, gladness, happiness, jubilation, elation, satisfaction, ecstasy, euphoria ||


 * || Zest ||  || Enthusiasm, zeal, zest, excitement, thrill, exhilaration ||


 * || Contentment ||  || Contentment, pleasure ||


 * || Pride ||  || Pride, triumph ||


 * Optimism ||  || Eagerness, hope, optimism ||


 * Enthrallment ||  || Enthrallment, rapture ||


 * Relief ||  || Relief ||


 * **Surprise** ||  || Surprise ||   || Amazement, surprise, astonishment ||


 * **Anger** ||  || Irritation ||   || Aggravation, irritation, agitation, annoyance, grouchiness, grumpiness ||


 * || Exasperation ||  || Exasperation, frustration ||


 * || Rage ||  || Anger, rage, outrage, fury, wrath, hostility, ferocity, bitterness, hate, loathing, scorn, spite, vengefulness, dislike, resentment ||


 * Disgust ||  || Disgust, revulsion, contempt ||


 * Envy ||  || Envy, jealousy ||


 * Torment ||  || Torment ||


 * **Sadness** ||  || Suffering ||   || Agony, suffering, hurt, anguish ||


 * || Sadness ||  || Depression, despair, hopelessness, gloom, glumness, sadness, unhappiness, grief, sorrow, woe, misery, melancholy ||


 * || Disappointment ||  || Dismay, disappointment, displeasure ||


 * Shame ||  || Guilt, shame, regret, remorse ||


 * Neglect ||  || Alienation, isolation, neglect, loneliness, rejection, homesickness, defeat, dejection, insecurity, embarrassment, humiliation, insult ||


 * Sympathy ||  || Pity, sympathy ||


 * **Fear** ||  || Horror ||   || Alarm, shock, fear, fright, horror, terror, panic, hysteria, mortification ||


 * Nervousness ||  || Anxiety, nervousness, tenseness, uneasiness, apprehension, worry, distress, dread ||

- also has different theorists and wht emotioons they focused on []

Here are some of the facial signals that you might see for different emotions. Do note that these are only possible indicators: not all signals are needed and not all signals indicated here necessarily indicate the associated emotion.


 * **Emotion** || **Facial signals** ||
 * Anxiety || [|Eyes] damp; [|eyebrows] slightly pushed together; trembling lower [|lip]; [|chin] possibly wrinkled; [|head] slightly tilted down. ||
 * Fear || [|Eyes] wide, closed or pointing down; raised [|eyebrows]; [|mouth] open or corners turned down; [|chin] pulled in; [|head] down, white face. ||
 * Anger || [|Eyes] wide and staring; [|eyebrows] pulled down (especially in middle); wrinkled forehead; flared [|nostrils]; [|mouth] flattened or clenched [|teeth] bared; jutting [|chin], red face. ||
 * Happiness || [|Mouth] smiling (open or closed); possible laughter; crows-feet wrinkles at sides of sparkling //[|eyes]//; slightly raised[|eyebrows]; [|head] level. ||
 * Sadness || [|Eyes] cast down and possibly damp or tearful; [|head] down; [|lips] pinched; [|head] down or to the side. ||
 * Envy || [|Eyes] staring; [|mouth] corners turned down; [|nose] turned in sneer; [|chin] jutting. ||
 * Desire || [|Eyes] wide open with dilated pupils; slightly raised [|eyebrows]; [|lips] slightly parted or puckered or smiling; [|head] tilted forward. ||
 * Interest || Steady gaze of [|eyes] at item of interest (may be squinting); slightly raised [|eyebrows]; [|lips] slightly pressed together;[|head] erect or pushed forward. ||
 * Boredom || [|Eyes] looking away; face generally immobile; corners of [|mouth] turned down or lips pulled to the side; [|head] propped up with hand. ||
 * Surprise || [|Eyes] wide open; [|eyebrows] raised high; [|mouth] dropped wide open with consequent lowered [|chin]; [|head] held back or tilted to side. ||
 * Relief || [|Eyebrows] tilted outwards (lowered outer edges); [|mouth] either tilted down or smiling; [|head] tilted. ||
 * Disgust || [|Eyes] and [|head] turned away; [|nostrils] flared; [|nose] twisted in sneer; [|mouth] closed, possibly with [|tongue] protruding;[|chin] jutting. ||
 * Shame || [|Eyes] and [|head] turned down; [|eyebrows] held low; skin blushing red. ||
 * Pity || [|Eyes] in extended gaze and possibly damp; [|eyebrows] slightly pulled together in middle or downwards at edges; [|mouth]turned down at corners; [|head] tilted to side. ||

[|http://changingminds.org/explanations/emotions/facial_emotions.htm]